What is an FBA?

A Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a systematic process used to identify the underlying causes or functions of challenging behaviors. It involves gathering data through direct observation, interviews, and record reviews to determine why a behavior occurs and what environmental factors influence it. The FBA focuses on identifying the antecedents (triggers), behaviors, and consequences (ABC model) to understand patterns and motivations behind the behavior. The four primary functions of behavior include escape (avoiding a task or situation), attention (gaining social interaction), access to tangibles (obtaining a desired item or activity), and automatic reinforcement (self-stimulation or sensory needs). Once the function is determined, the information is used to develop an effective Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) that includes proactive strategies, replacement behaviors, and reinforcement techniques to reduce problem behaviors and promote positive alternatives. Conducting an FBA ensures that interventions are individualized, evidence-based, and tailored to meet the specific needs of the individual.